- 2070 Bhadra · 5 marks
Triple integral of e^(x+y+z)
Short answer
Integrating e^(x+y+z) in order z, y, x over the given limits gives I = (8/3) ln 2 - 19/9 ≈ -0.263.
Evaluate ∫₀^(log 2) ∫₀^x ∫₀^(x+log y) e^(x+y+z) dz dy dx.
I = ∫₀^{ln 2} ∫₀^x ∫₀^{x + ln y} e^(x+y+z) dz dy dx
(The upper limit of z is x + ln y. I evaluate the integral exactly as printed.)
z-integration
∫₀^{x+ln y} e^(x+y) e^z dz = e^(x+y) [ e^(x + ln y) − 1 ]
= e^(x+y) ( y eˣ − 1 )
= y e^(2x+y) − e^(x+y)
y-integration (from 0 to x)
∫₀ˣ y e^(2x+y) dy = e^(2x) [ (y − 1)eʸ ]₀ˣ = e^(2x) [ (x − 1)eˣ + 1 ]
∫₀ˣ e^(x+y) dy = eˣ (eˣ − 1) = e^(2x) − eˣ
Subtract:
(x − 1)e^(3x) + e^(2x) − e^(2x) + eˣ = (x − 1)e^(3x) + eˣ
x-integration (from 0 to ln 2)
Using ∫ (x − 1)e^(3x) dx = (x − 1)e^(3x)/3 − e^(3x)/9, with e^(3 ln 2) = 8:
[(x − 1)e^(3x)/3 − e^(3x)/9] at ln 2 = 8(ln 2 − 1)/3 − 8/9
at 0 = −1/3 − 1/9 = −4/9
difference = 8 ln 2/3 − 8/3 − 8/9 + 4/9 = 8 ln 2/3 − 28/9
∫₀^{ln 2} eˣ dx = 1
I = 8 ln 2/3 − 28/9 + 1 = 8 ln 2/3 − 19/9
Answer: I = (8/3) ln 2 − 19/9 ≈ −0.263.
(The value is negative because for small y the upper limit x + ln y is negative, so the z-integral runs backwards there.)
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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