Skip to main content

Net hydrostatic force on conical surface

Short answer

Net hydrostatic force on the conical surface is vertical downward, equal to the pressure force on horizontal plane AC (776.2 kN) plus the weight of water in the cone (138.7 kN), totalling 915 kN.

Pressurized water fills the tank as shown in figure below. Compute the net hydrostatic force on the conical surface ABC. [Figure: water tank with a gauge reading 100 kPa; conical surface ABC with A and C at the top, 3 m horizontal width AC, apex B 6 m below AC; tank water height 7 m]

Reading of the figure: the conical surface ABC hangs below the plane AC, which is 3 m across (radius 1.5 m); the apex B is 6 m below AC and the water stands 7 m above B, so the free surface is 1 m above AC. The air above the water has a gauge pressure of 100 kPa. The water fills the cone, so it lies on the inside of the surface.

   gauge 100 kPa
  ------------------- free surface
        1 m
  A -------+------- C   (3 m)
    \      |      /
     \     | 6 m /
      \    |    /
       \   |   /
          B

By symmetry the horizontal components cancel; the net force is vertical (downward). It equals the pressure force on the plane AC plus the weight of water in the cone.

Pressure at AC:

pAC=100+9.81(1)=109.81 kPap_{AC}=100+9.81(1)=109.81\ \text{kPa}

Area of AC:

A=π(1.5)2=7.069 m2A=\pi(1.5)^{2}=7.069\ \text{m}^2

Pressure force on AC:

F1=109.81×7.069=776.2 kNF_1=109.81\times7.069=776.2\ \text{kN}

Weight of water in the cone (V=13πr2hV=\tfrac13\pi r^{2}h):

V=13(7.069)(6)=14.137 m3,F2=9.81×14.137=138.7 kNV=\tfrac13(7.069)(6)=14.137\ \text{m}^3,\qquad F_2=9.81\times14.137=138.7\ \text{kN} Fnet=F1+F2=776.2+138.7=914.9 kNF_{net}=F_1+F_2=776.2+138.7=914.9\ \text{kN}

Answer: net hydrostatic force on the conical surface ≈915\approx915 kN, acting vertically downward along the axis. (If the free surface is 7 m above AC instead, use pAC=100+9.81×7p_{AC}=100+9.81\times7 in the same method.)

All Fluid Mechanics chapter 3 questions →