Handling multiple exceptions

A program can have more than one kind of error. When a try block may throw different types of exceptions, several catch blocks are written after it, one for each type. The thrown value is compared with the catch handlers in order, and the first one with a matching type runs; the others are skipped. A catch(...) handler, placed last, catches any remaining exception.

Syntax:

try { ... }
catch (type1 x) { ... }
catch (type2 y) { ... }
catch (...)     { ... }     // default handler (must be last)

Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void test(int x) {
    try {
        if (x == 0) throw 0;              // int
        else if (x == 1) throw 'a';       // char
        else if (x == 2) throw 1.5;       // double
        else if (x == 3) throw "string";  // const char*
        cout << "No exception\n";
    }
    catch (int e)         { cout << "Caught int\n"; }
    catch (char e)        { cout << "Caught char: " << e << endl; }
    catch (double e)      { cout << "Caught double: " << e << endl; }
    catch (...)           { cout << "Caught some other exception\n"; }
}

int main() {
    for (int i = 0; i <= 4; i++)
        test(i);
    return 0;
}

Output

Caught int
Caught char: a
Caught double: 1.5
Caught some other exception
No exception

throw "string" has type const char*, which matches none of the first three handlers, so catch(...) handles it.