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Sandstone attitude: A N45W 900 m, C S20E 700 m

Short answer

Solving the plane through top levels gives gradients a=0.2900 and b=0.2272. Sandstone attitude is N38.1°W/20.2° SW (dip direction 232°); true thickness is 56.3 m.

Three boreholes A, B, C were drilled in a flat terrain to investigate depth of bedrock. Borehole A lies N45°W from borehole B at a distance of 900 m and borehole C lies S20°E from borehole B at a distance of 700 m. A sandstone bedrock is encountered at the following depth of each borehole. Borehole A: Top (-350 m), Bottom (-410 m) Borehole B: Top (-310 m), Bottom (-370 m) Borehole C: Top (-390 m), Bottom (-450 m) Find out the attitude of the sandstone bedrock with true thickness.

A bed is a plane, so its level changes uniformly in plan: z=zB+ax+byz = z_B + a x + b y, where aa and bb are the rates of change of level per metre east and north. This is the analytical form of the three-point (strike-line) method.

Coordinates (B at origin)

A:x=900sin⁡315∘=−636.40 m, y=900cos⁡315∘=636.40 mC:x=700sin⁡160∘=239.41 m, y=700cos⁡160∘=−657.78 m\begin{aligned} A &: x = 900\sin 315^\circ = -636.40\ \text{m},\ y = 900\cos 315^\circ = 636.40\ \text{m} \\ C &: x = 700\sin 160^\circ = 239.41\ \text{m},\ y = 700\cos 160^\circ = -657.78\ \text{m} \end{aligned}

Levels of the top: A = -350 m, B = -310 m, C = -390 m. The bed is 60 m thick in each hole, tv=60t_v = 60 m.

Plane of the top surface

z=−310+ax+byz = -310 + a x + b y:

−350=−310−636.40a+636.40b−390=−310+239.41a−657.78b\begin{aligned} -350 &= -310 - 636.40a + 636.40b \\ -390 &= -310 + 239.41a - 657.78b \end{aligned}

Solving: a=0.2900a = 0.2900, b=0.2272b = 0.2272.

Dip, dip direction and strike

tan⁡δ=a2+b2=0.3684⇒δ=20.23∘\tan\delta = \sqrt{a^2+b^2} = 0.3684 \Rightarrow \delta = 20.23^\circ

The bed descends toward the direction arctan⁡(−a/−b)\arctan(-a/-b) = 231.9° (SW), so the strike is  231.9∘−90∘=141.9∘\ 231.9^\circ - 90^\circ = 141.9^\circ, i.e. N38.1°W.

True thickness

All three boreholes show the same vertical thickness, 60 m, so

t=tvcos⁡δ=60cos⁡20.23∘=56.30 mt = t_v\cos\delta = 60\cos 20.23^\circ = 56.30\ \text{m}

Answer: attitude of the sandstone = strike N38.1°W, dip 20.2° towards SW (dip direction 232°); true thickness = 56.3 m.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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