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Difference between knowledge and wisdom

Short answer

Knowledge is specialized, neutral information giving power. Wisdom is broad judgement guiding knowledge to good ends, incorporating compassion, impartiality, and proportion. Knowledge answers what can be done; wisdom answers what should be done.

What is the difference between knowledge and wisdom? [Knowledge and wisdom]

In "Knowledge and Wisdom", Bertrand Russell distinguishes between the two. Knowledge is information and skill about particular matters; wisdom is the broad judgement that decides how that knowledge should be used.

PointKnowledgeWisdom
MeaningFacts, information and skill gained by studySound judgement and a balanced view of life
NatureSpecialised, concerned with particular fieldsComprehensive, concerned with the whole
How gainedBy learning, research, trainingBy broad outlook, experience, reflection and character
EffectGives power over natureDirects power towards good ends
Concern"How" things can be done"Whether" and "why" they should be done
Moral elementNeutral; can serve good or evilIncludes compassion, impartiality and a sense of proportion
DangerCan be used destructivelyReduces the danger of misuse

Explanation

Russell observes that the modern age has greatly increased knowledge and skill, but wisdom has not grown equally. Knowledge without wisdom is dangerous: the same science that heals can be used for weapons. Wisdom needs a sense of proportion, freedom from narrow personal and local interest, impartiality, and goodwill towards others. He argues that it can be taught and that education should aim at it.

Hence knowledge answers "what can be done"; wisdom answers "what should be done".

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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