- 2083 Baisakh · 4 marks
Band pass (10 kHz, 4 kHz) from normalized LPF TF
Short answer
Use the low-pass to band-pass transformation s → (s² + ω₀²)/(Bs) with ω₀ = 62 831.85 rad/s and B = 25 132.74 rad/s on T(s) = 1/(s²+1.414s+1). The resulting fourth‑order band‑pass transfer function is T_BP(s) = (6.3165×10⁸ s²) / (s⁴ + 3.5538×10⁴ s³ + 8.5273×10⁹ s² + 1.4030×10¹⁴ s + 1.5585×10¹⁹).
Design a band-pass filter with center frequency 10 kHz and bandwidth 4 kHz using a normalized low-pass filter with transfer function T(s) = 1/(s² + 1.414s + 1).
Use the low-pass to band-pass transformation on the normalized prototype (second-order Butterworth).
Specifications in rad/s
Substitution
Expanding the denominator:
| Coefficient | Expression | Value |
|---|---|---|
Check: at , (0 dB at 10 kHz), and the 3 dB points are , i.e. kHz apart.
Realization as two cascaded biquads
The LP poles each map to a pair of BP poles. Factoring the denominator:
| Section | (rad/s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 54 496.5 | 8.673 kHz | 3.572 |
| 2 | 72 442.1 | 11.530 kHz | 3.572 |
Note . Each section can be built as a band-pass biquad (e.g. MFB or Tow-Thomas) and the two are cascaded with buffering.
Answer: a fourth-order band-pass filter with the transfer function above, centre frequency 10 kHz, 3 dB bandwidth 4 kHz.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Sonnet 5.5
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