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Band pass (10 kHz, 4 kHz) from normalized LPF TF

Short answer

Use the low-pass to band-pass transformation s → (s² + ω₀²)/(Bs) with ω₀ = 62 831.85 rad/s and B = 25 132.74 rad/s on T(s) = 1/(s²+1.414s+1). The resulting fourth‑order band‑pass transfer function is T_BP(s) = (6.3165×10⁸ s²) / (s⁴ + 3.5538×10⁴ s³ + 8.5273×10⁹ s² + 1.4030×10¹⁴ s + 1.5585×10¹⁹).

Design a band-pass filter with center frequency 10 kHz and bandwidth 4 kHz using a normalized low-pass filter with transfer function T(s) = 1/(s² + 1.414s + 1).

Use the low-pass to band-pass transformation s→s2+ω02Bss \to \dfrac{s^2+\omega_0^2}{Bs} on the normalized prototype T(s)=1s2+1.414s+1T(s) = \dfrac{1}{s^2+1.414s+1} (second-order Butterworth).

Specifications in rad/s

ω0=2π×104=62 831.85 rad/s,ω02=3.9478×109B=2π×4000=25 132.74 rad/s,B2=6.3165×108\begin{aligned} \omega_0 &= 2\pi\times10^4 = 62\,831.85\ \text{rad/s}, \quad \omega_0^2 = 3.9478\times10^9 \\ B &= 2\pi\times4000 = 25\,132.74\ \text{rad/s}, \quad B^2 = 6.3165\times10^8 \end{aligned}

Substitution

TBP(s)=1(s2+ω02Bs)2+1.414s2+ω02Bs+1=B2s2(s2+ω02)2+1.414Bs(s2+ω02)+B2s2T_{BP}(s) = \frac{1}{\left(\dfrac{s^2+\omega_0^2}{Bs}\right)^2 + 1.414\dfrac{s^2+\omega_0^2}{Bs} + 1} = \frac{B^2s^2}{(s^2+\omega_0^2)^2 + 1.414Bs(s^2+\omega_0^2) + B^2s^2}

Expanding the denominator:

s4+1.414B s3+(2ω02+B2)s2+1.414Bω02 s+ω04s^4 + 1.414B\,s^3 + (2\omega_0^2 + B^2)s^2 + 1.414B\omega_0^2\,s + \omega_0^4
CoefficientExpressionValue
s3s^31.414B1.414B3.5538×1043.5538\times10^4
s2s^22ω02+B22\omega_0^2 + B^28.5273×1098.5273\times10^9
s1s^11.414Bω021.414B\omega_0^21.4030×10141.4030\times10^{14}
s0s^0ω04\omega_0^41.5585×10191.5585\times10^{19}
TBP(s)=6.3165×108 s2s4+3.5538×104s3+8.5273×109s2+1.4030×1014s+1.5585×1019T_{BP}(s) = \frac{6.3165\times10^8\, s^2}{s^4 + 3.5538\times10^4 s^3 + 8.5273\times10^9 s^2 + 1.4030\times10^{14}s + 1.5585\times10^{19}}

Check: at s=jω0s = j\omega_0, ∣TBP∣=1|T_{BP}| = 1 (0 dB at 10 kHz), and the 3 dB points are ΩLP=±1\Omega_{LP} = \pm1, i.e. 44 kHz apart.

Realization as two cascaded biquads

The LP poles −0.707±j0.707-0.707 \pm j0.707 each map to a pair of BP poles. Factoring the denominator:

TBP(s)=25 132.7 ss2+15 256.8s+2.9699×109⋅25 132.7 ss2+20 280.9s+5.2479×109T_{BP}(s) = \frac{25\,132.7\,s}{s^2 + 15\,256.8s + 2.9699\times10^9}\cdot\frac{25\,132.7\,s}{s^2 + 20\,280.9s + 5.2479\times10^9}
Sectionω0i\omega_{0i} (rad/s)f0if_{0i}QQ
154 496.58.673 kHz3.572
272 442.111.530 kHz3.572

Note f01f02=(10 kHz)2f_{01}f_{02} = (10\text{ kHz})^2. Each section can be built as a band-pass biquad (e.g. MFB or Tow-Thomas) and the two are cascaded with buffering.

Answer: a fourth-order band-pass filter with the transfer function above, centre frequency 10 kHz, 3 dB bandwidth 4 kHz.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Sonnet 5.5

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