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Chebyshev minimum order and TF (ωs = 2.33 rad/s)

Short answer

Using the Chebyshev order formula, minimum order is n=3. The normalized transfer function (ωp=1 rad/s, 0.5 dB ripple) is T(s) = 0.71569/(s³+1.25291s²+1.53490s+0.71569).

A Chebyshev low pass filter has following specifications: αmax = 0.5 dB, ωp = 1 rad/s, αmin = 22 dB, ωs = 2.33 rad/s. Find the minimum order required to meet the specifications and also find the transfer function.

For a Chebyshev low-pass filter, ∣T(jω)∣2=1/[1+ε2Cn2(ω)]|T(j\omega)|^2 = 1/[1+\varepsilon^2 C_n^2(\omega)] with ε2=100.1αmax−1\varepsilon^2 = 10^{0.1\alpha_{max}}-1, and the minimum order is

n≥cosh⁡−1100.1αmin−1100.1αmax−1cosh⁡−1(ωs/ωp)n \ge \frac{\cosh^{-1}\sqrt{\dfrac{10^{0.1\alpha_{min}}-1}{10^{0.1\alpha_{max}}-1}}}{\cosh^{-1}(\omega_s/\omega_p)}

Minimum order

ε2=100.05−1=0.12202,ε=0.34931102.2−1=157.4893157.4893/0.12202=35.9263,cosh⁡−1(35.9263)=4.2744cosh⁡−1(2.33)=1.4894n≥4.27441.4894=2.870  ⇒  n=3\begin{aligned} \varepsilon^2 &= 10^{0.05}-1 = 0.12202, \quad \varepsilon = 0.34931 \\ 10^{2.2}-1 &= 157.4893 \\ \sqrt{157.4893/0.12202} &= 35.9263, \quad \cosh^{-1}(35.9263) = 4.2744 \\ \cosh^{-1}(2.33) &= 1.4894 \\ n &\ge \frac{4.2744}{1.4894} = 2.870 \;\Rightarrow\; n = 3 \end{aligned}

Pole locations (ωp=1\omega_p = 1 rad/s, so no denormalization)

a=1nsinh⁡−11ε=13sinh⁡−1(2.86278)=0.59138sinh⁡a=0.62646,cosh⁡a=1.18002sk=−sinh⁡a sin⁡θk+jcosh⁡a cos⁡θk,θk=(2k−1)π6\begin{aligned} a &= \frac{1}{n}\sinh^{-1}\frac{1}{\varepsilon} = \frac{1}{3}\sinh^{-1}(2.86278) = 0.59138 \\ \sinh a &= 0.62646, \quad \cosh a = 1.18002 \\ s_k &= -\sinh a\,\sin\theta_k + j\cosh a\,\cos\theta_k, \quad \theta_k = \frac{(2k-1)\pi}{6} \end{aligned}
kθk\theta_kPole
130°−0.31323+j1.02193-0.31323 + j1.02193
290°−0.62646-0.62646
3150°−0.31323−j1.02193-0.31323 - j1.02193

Transfer function

The complex pair gives s2+2(0.31323)s+(0.313232+1.021932)=s2+0.62646s+1.14245s^2 + 2(0.31323)s + (0.31323^2 + 1.02193^2) = s^2 + 0.62646s + 1.14245.

D(s)=(s+0.62646)(s2+0.62646s+1.14245)=s3+1.25291s2+1.53490s+0.71569D(s) = (s+0.62646)(s^2+0.62646s+1.14245) = s^3 + 1.25291s^2 + 1.53490s + 0.71569

For odd nn, ∣T(0)∣=1|T(0)| = 1, so the numerator equals the constant term of D(s)D(s):

T(s)=0.71569(s+0.62646)(s2+0.62646s+1.14245)=0.71569s3+1.25291s2+1.53490s+0.71569T(s) = \frac{0.71569}{(s+0.62646)(s^2+0.62646s+1.14245)} = \frac{0.71569}{s^3 + 1.25291s^2 + 1.53490s + 0.71569}

Answer: minimum order n=3n = 3, with T(s)T(s) as above (passband edge 1 rad/s, 0.5 dB ripple).

✓ Answer checked by Claude Sonnet 5.5

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