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RC-CR transformation of Sallen-Key LPF to HPF

Short answer

RC-CR transformation swaps each frequency-determining resistor with a capacitor and vice versa; gain-setting resistors remain unchanged. For a Sallen-Key LPF, replace series R1,R2 with C1,C2, feedback capacitor with R1, and grounded capacitor with R2, yielding a HPF with same ω0 and Q.

What is RC-CR transformation? How can you convert a Sallen Key low pass filter into the Sallen Key High pass filter using RC-CR transformation? (Draw the circuit diagram of the high pass Sallen-Key biquad so obtained.)

RC-CR transformation converts an active RC low-pass filter into a high-pass filter of the same order and ω0\omega_0 by replacing every frequency-determining resistor with a capacitor and every capacitor with a resistor. In normalized form, Ri→Ci=1/RiR_i \to C_i = 1/R_i and Cj→Rj=1/CjC_j \to R_j = 1/C_j. This has the same effect as the LP to HP transformation s→1/ss \to 1/s, because a resistor (RR) and a capacitor (1/sC1/sC) swap roles. Resistors that only set the amplifier gain (RAR_A, RBR_B) are not changed, since they do not depend on frequency.

Applying it to the Sallen-Key LPF

Sallen-Key LPF: R1R_1, R2R_2 in series path, C1C_1 feedback to output, C2C_2 to ground, gain KK:

TLP(s)=K/(R1R2C1C2)s2+s(1R1C1+1R2C1+1−KR2C2)+1R1R2C1C2T_{LP}(s) = \frac{K/(R_1R_2C_1C_2)}{s^2 + s\left(\frac{1}{R_1C_1} + \frac{1}{R_2C_1} + \frac{1-K}{R_2C_2}\right) + \frac{1}{R_1R_2C_1C_2}}

After RC-CR: the series elements become capacitors C1C_1, C2C_2; the feedback element and the grounded element become resistors R1R_1 (to output) and R2R_2 (to ground).

                 R1
          +-----/\/\-----------+
          |                    |
Vin--C1---+A--C2--+B---(+)     |
                  |     OA >---+--- Vo
                 R2  +-(-)     |
                  |  |         RB
                 GND +---------+
                     |
                     RA
                     |
                    GND

Analysing this circuit gives

THP(s)=Ks2s2+s(1R2C1+1R2C2+1−KR1C1)+1R1R2C1C2T_{HP}(s) = \frac{Ks^2}{s^2 + s\left(\frac{1}{R_2C_1} + \frac{1}{R_2C_2} + \frac{1-K}{R_1C_1}\right) + \frac{1}{R_1R_2C_1C_2}}

For equal components (R1=R2=RR_1 = R_2 = R, C1=C2=CC_1 = C_2 = C): ω0=1/RC\omega_0 = 1/RC, ω0/Q=(3−K)/RC\omega_0/Q = (3-K)/RC (same as the LPF) and high-frequency gain KK. So a normalized LPF with C=1C = 1 F, R=1 ΩR = 1\ \Omega becomes an HPF with R=1 ΩR = 1\ \Omega, C=1C = 1 F at the same ω0\omega_0 and QQ.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Sonnet 5.5

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