- Asked 6/30
- 2073 Shrawan · 4 marks
- 2071 Chaitra · 4 marks
- 2070 Chaitra · 4 marks
- 2076 Asoj · 4 marks
- 2068 Baisakh (old course) · 4+4 marks
- 2070 Chaitra (old course)
Rural and urban scheme layout diagram
Short answer
Rural gravity scheme: spring → intake → sedimentation tank → reservoir → break pressure tank → public taps. Urban: source → intake → raw water pumping → treatment plant → clear water reservoir → pumping → elevated service reservoir → distribution network → house connections. Functions: intake collects, sedimentation removes solids, treatment ensures safety, reservoirs store and balance, distribution delivers.
Draw a typical schematic diagram of water supply schemes for rural and urban areas and briefly describe the function of each component.
A water supply scheme collects water from a source, treats it where needed, and delivers it to consumers in adequate quantity and at adequate pressure. Rural schemes in Nepal are mostly gravity-based and simple; urban schemes need an intake, pumping, treatment and a pipe network.
Rural (gravity) scheme
[Source: spring/stream]
|
[Intake / spring box]
|
[Sedimentation tank]
| transmission main
v
[Storage/Reservoir tank]
|
[Break pressure tank] (if head high)
| distribution main
v
[Public standposts / tap stands]
Urban scheme
[Source: river/lake/well]
|
[Intake]
| raw water main
[Raw water pumping station]
|
[Treatment plant: screen, sedimentation,
coagulation, filtration, disinfection]
|
[Clear water reservoir]
|
[Pumping station] --> [Elevated service reservoir]
|
[Distribution system]
|
House connections
Function of components
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Source | Supplies raw water (spring, stream, river, lake, well) |
| Intake / spring box | Draws water from the source safely and keeps out debris and contamination |
| Raw water main / pumping | Carries or lifts raw water to the plant or tank |
| Sedimentation tank / treatment plant | Removes suspended matter, turbidity and germs so that the water becomes wholesome |
| Clear water reservoir | Stores treated water and balances plant output with pumping |
| Break pressure tank | Dissipates excess head to protect pipes and taps in steep terrain |
| Transmission main | Conveys water from the source or plant to the service area |
| Service (distribution) reservoir | Stores water to meet hourly variation, fire demand and emergencies |
| Distribution system | Network of mains, sub-mains and branches that delivers water to users |
| Public standposts / house connections | Final points of delivery to consumers |
In rural areas, treatment is limited to sedimentation and sometimes slow sand filtration and chlorination. In urban areas, full conventional treatment is provided, and pumping is used where the source is lower than the town.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
Related questions
- Schematic diagram of rural gravity scheme · Water Supply Engineering, chapter 1 · asked 5×
- Typical water supply system and components · Water Supply Engineering, chapter 1 · asked 4×
- Necessity and impacts of water supply scheme · Water Supply Engineering, chapter 1 · asked 3×
- Sources for hilly rural areas; river vs spring · Water Supply Engineering, chapter 2
- Objectives of water supply and components · Water Supply Engineering, chapter 1 · asked 3×
- Rural area 22000 L/day river supply (question text cut) · Water Supply Engineering, chapter 7
- T/F: thermal limit design urban, losses rural · Transmission and Distribution System Design, chapter 7 · asked 3×
- Underground feeder economical in urban areas · Transmission and Distribution System Design, chapter 5 · asked 4×
- Selecting load centre and transformer, rural/urban · Transmission and Distribution System Design, chapter 7 · asked 3×
- Regenerative scheme with open feed water heater · Power Plant Equipment, chapter 7