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Spring intake with neat sketch

Short answer

A spring intake collects water at the spring eye using a masonry chamber with gravel filter, outlet, overflow, washout, and vent pipes. Protection includes clay cap, diversion drain, fence, and vegetation. Plan shows chamber with filter and pipes; section shows water level, screens, and clay cover.

Describe the spring intake (generally used in hilly areas of Nepal) with a neat sketch showing plan, elevation, section and protection works.

A spring intake (spring box or spring capture) is a small chamber built at the spring eye to collect all the flow from the spring, protect it from pollution, and send it to the pipeline by gravity. It is the most common intake for rural hilly areas of Nepal because springs give clean water at a high level.

Parts of a spring intake

  • Collection chamber (spring box) of stone masonry or concrete, with a pre-cast cover and manhole.
  • Gravel filter / perforated pipes at the back wall to collect water uniformly from the spring eye.
  • Outlet pipe with a gate valve (and a strainer) to the pipeline.
  • Overflow pipe to take excess water; washout (drain) pipe with a valve for cleaning; vent pipe with a screen.
  • Protection works: clay/impervious cap over the spring, a diversion drain (catch drain) uphill to divert surface water, a fence, and a vegetation or plantation cover.

Plan

   Diversion drain (uphill)
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  |    fence                    |
  |   +---------------------+   |
  |   | gravel filter ::::  |   |
  |   |  (spring eye)       |-->| overflow
  |   | collection chamber  |   |
  |   |  [manhole]   outlet |==>| pipe to tank
  |   +----------+----------+   |
  |         washout pipe        |
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Section / elevation

        Vent      Manhole cover
         |   ____|_____
  ground |  |          |  clay cap (0.5 m)
  =======+--+          +=============
         |  |  air     |
 Spring->|::| water lvl|--> overflow
 gravel  |::|~~~~~~~~~~|
 filter  |::|          |==> outlet+valve
         |__|__________|
              washout pipe

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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