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Lewis method module for spur gears

Short answer

The cast iron gear is weaker (lower σy product). Trial with Lewis equation and velocity factor Cv = 3/(3+v) gives module m = 5 mm, face width b = 50 mm, pinion pitch diameter 110 mm, gear 330 mm. The pinion is safe.

A pair of 20 degree full-depth spur gears transmits 18 kW. The pinion has 22 teeth and runs at 1200 rpm, and the gear has 66 teeth. The pinion is steel with allowable static stress 210 MPa and the gear is cast iron with allowable static stress 100 MPa. Take velocity factor Cv = 3/(3 + v) with v in m/s, face width b = 10m (m = module), service factor 1.25 and Lewis form factor y = 0.154 - 0.912/z. Find the module (choose a standard value from 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 mm), the face width and the pitch diameters, and check the pinion.

Form factors

y1=0.154−0.91222=0.1125,y2=0.154−0.91266=0.1402y_1 = 0.154 - \frac{0.912}{22} = 0.1125, \qquad y_2 = 0.154 - \frac{0.912}{66} = 0.1402

Compare σoy\sigma_o y:

Pinion: 210×0.1125=23.6,Gear: 100×0.1402=14.0\text{Pinion: } 210 \times 0.1125 = 23.6, \qquad \text{Gear: } 100 \times 0.1402 = 14.0

The product is smaller for the gear (cast iron), so the gear is the weaker element and is used for design.

Design by trial of module

Load required: Ft=P×CsvF_t = \dfrac{P \times C_s}{v}, with v=π m z1 n160 000v = \dfrac{\pi\, m\, z_1\, n_1}{60\,000} (m in mm). Gear capacity: Fs=σo2 Cv b πm y2F_s = \sigma_{o2}\,C_v\, b\,\pi m\, y_2 with b=10mb = 10m.

m (mm)v (m/s)CvC_vb (mm)Required FtF_t (N)Capacity FsF_s (N)Result
45.530.3524018 000×1.255.53=4069\frac{18\,000 \times 1.25}{5.53} = 40692478Fails
56.910.3035022 5006.91=3255\frac{22\,500}{6.91} = 32553332Safe

For example for m=5m = 5:

Fs=100×0.3027×50×π×5×0.1402=3332 N>3255 NF_s = 100 \times 0.3027 \times 50 \times \pi \times 5 \times 0.1402 = 3332\ \text{N} > 3255\ \text{N}

So the smallest standard module that works is m = 5 mm.

Dimensions

b=10m=50 mm,d1=mz1=5×22=110 mm,d2=5×66=330 mmb = 10m = 50\ \text{mm}, \qquad d_1 = mz_1 = 5 \times 22 = 110\ \text{mm}, \qquad d_2 = 5 \times 66 = 330\ \text{mm}

Check of the pinion

Fs1=210×0.3027×50×π×5×0.1125=5619 N>3255 NF_{s1} = 210 \times 0.3027 \times 50 \times \pi \times 5 \times 0.1125 = 5619\ \text{N} > 3255\ \text{N}

so the pinion is also safe.

Answer: Module = 5 mm; face width = 50 mm; pinion pitch diameter = 110 mm; gear pitch diameter = 330 mm. The design is controlled by the cast iron gear.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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