Short note: Fire regulations and site safety

Fire regulations are legal rules to prevent fire, limit its spread, and give people time and routes to escape. On construction sites, fire can start from welding and cutting, electrical faults, smoking, stored fuel, paints and solvents, and the burning of waste. In Nepal, NBC 107 (fire safety), the municipal bye-laws and the fire safety guidelines apply.

Requirements at the site

1. Prevention: no smoking or open fire near flammable material; a hot-work permit for welding; safe storage of petrol, diesel, paint and gas cylinders away from the working area, in a ventilated store with signs; proper electrical wiring and earthing.
2. Good housekeeping: remove waste, shavings and packing materials regularly.
3. Fire-fighting equipment: extinguishers (water, CO₂, dry powder) at suitable places, sand buckets, a water tank and hose, and a stored supply of water; equipment inspected regularly.
4. Alarm and communication: an alarm bell or siren, emergency telephone numbers (fire brigade, 101) and a clear notice board.
5. Means of escape: clear exits and stairs with no blockage; marked escape routes; an assembly point.
6. Fire-resistant temporary structures: site offices, labour camps and stores built from non-combustible material with adequate spacing.
7. Training and drills: workers trained to use extinguishers and to evacuate; fire wardens appointed.
8. Access for fire engines to the site, and a hydrant or water source.
9. Records and an emergency plan, and reporting of fire incidents.
10. Permanent building design: fire-resisting materials, compartments, fire doors, fire stairs, and sprinkler and alarm systems according to the building's height and use.