Regulatory requirements and building codes for planning

Need for regulatory requirements

Regulatory requirements (acts, codes, bye-laws, standards, permits) are needed in construction because:

1. Public safety: structures must be strong, fire-safe and healthy to prevent collapse and loss of life.
2. Minimum quality: they set minimum standards for design, materials and workmanship.
3. Orderly development: control land use, setbacks, height and density.
4. Protection of the environment: noise, dust, waste, drainage and tree cover.
5. Protection of rights: of neighbours, workers (labour laws), consumers and the public.
6. Uniform and fair practice for all contractors and designers; accountability in case of failure.
7. Safe and equitable access such as for people with disabilities.
8. Insurance, finance and legal acceptance need compliance.

How building codes help urban planning

1. Land use and zoning: the bye-laws fix permitted uses, floor area ratio (FAR), ground coverage and building height for each zone, so that the city grows in a planned way.
2. Setbacks and right-of-way: they keep roads wide enough, preserve light, air and privacy, and allow fire engines and emergency access.
3. Density control: limits on height and FAR prevent overcrowding and overloading of services.
4. Infrastructure planning: water, sewerage, electricity and roads can be planned with the known density.
5. Safety and disaster risk reduction: earthquake-resistant design, fire exits, open spaces and refuge areas make cities resilient.
6. Health and environment: ventilation, sanitation, green space, rain water drainage and waste management.
7. Aesthetics and heritage: control of facades, signboards and protection of heritage areas such as the Kathmandu Valley.
8. Parking and traffic: parking requirement reduces congestion.
9. Orderly growth and reduction of unplanned settlement; easier building permit and monitoring.