Techniques of writing specifications

Specifications should be written so that they are clear, complete and enforceable. The main techniques and points to consider are:

1. Know the project: study the drawings, BOQ, site conditions and the type of contract before writing.
2. Use standard references: refer to Nepal Standards, IS, BS and DUDBC specifications, instead of repeating long details.
3. Be clear, precise and concise: use simple words, short sentences; avoid ambiguous words like "good" or "best" (quote measurable limits).
4. Be complete: cover materials, workmanship, testing, tolerances, protection, cleaning, measurement and payment.
5. Use a standard sequence for every item: scope, materials, workmanship, tests, finishing, measurement, rate.
6. Use correct technical terms and units (SI), and give grades, sizes and proportions.
7. Avoid contradiction and duplication with drawings, BOQ and general conditions of contract; say which prevails.
8. Be realistic and practical: the specified quality should be achievable with local materials and skills and should be economical.
9. Describe what is required (performance or method), not how the contractor should manage his business.
10. Allow for testing and inspection: state sampling frequency, tests and acceptance criteria.
11. Provide for rejection or correction of faulty work.
12. Use the proper tense and command form: "The contractor shall..."
13. Arrange by trade or work section, easy to find; use headings and numbering.
14. Review and update: check by another person and revise for changes in codes.