Which best describes a public private partnership (PPP)?

A long-term contract in which a private company finances, builds and operates public infrastructure with shared risks and rewards

A government body doing all work with its own staff

A private company selling goods to the public with no government link

A one-time purchase of materials by a government office

Which is a source of conflict in an organization?

Unclear roles, overlapping authority and limited resources

Clear roles and enough resources

Open communication and shared goals

Fair treatment and good leadership

What is the main objective of safety engineering?

To protect people, property and environment by identifying hazards and eliminating or reducing risk to an acceptable level

To increase production at any cost

To avoid legal standards where they slow work

To transfer all accident cost to workers

2073 Magh · 4 marks

Globalization, PPP, conflict, safety engineering

Short answer

Globalization is the growing economic and cultural integration via free movement of goods, services and capital. PPP is a government-private contract to finance-build-operate infrastructure, sharing risks. Conflicts occur at intra- and interpersonal, group, and organizational levels; sources include scarce resources, differing goals and poor communication. Safety engineering identifies hazards and reduces risks to acceptable levels through design, procedures and training.

Define globalization and public private partnership. What are levels and sources of conflict in the organization? Elucidate the objective of safety engineering.

Globalization

Globalization is the increasing interconnection of the world's economies, trade, technology, information and cultures, so that goods, capital, services and ideas move freely across borders.

Public Private Partnership (PPP)

PPP is a long-term contract between a government body and a private company to finance, build and operate public infrastructure or services, in which risks and rewards are shared (for example BOT hydropower or highway projects).

Levels of conflict in an organization

Intrapersonal: within one person (role overload, ethical dilemma).
Interpersonal: between two individuals.
Intragroup: among members of the same team or department.
Intergroup: between departments or teams (design versus construction).
Interorganizational: between organizations (client and contractor, or contractor and supplier).

Sources of conflict

Limited resources (money, time, equipment, staff).
Differences in goals, interest and priorities.
Poor or unclear communication.
Unclear roles and responsibilities, overlapping authority.
Differences in values, personality, culture or attitude.
Unfair treatment, poor leadership, and change.
Dependence on other groups' work.

Objective of safety engineering

Safety engineering aims to protect people, property and the environment from accidents. Its objectives are:

To identify and analyse hazards and assess risk.
To eliminate hazards, or reduce risk to an acceptable level, by design, safe procedures, protective equipment and training.
To prevent injury, death, loss of property and production.
To make sure legal requirements and standards are met.
To build a safety culture and prepare emergency response.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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