- 2073 Bhadra · 4+4 marks
TCP/IP applications; IPv4 vs IPv6 routing
Short answer
TCP/IP supports web, email, file transfer, remote login, DNS, network management, VoIP, VPNs, and IoT. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, large routing tables, and router fragmentation; IPv6 uses 128-bit hierarchical addresses, smaller aggregated tables, fixed header, no router fragmentation, and neighbor discovery.
What is the application of TCP/IP? Compare IPv4 and IPv6 on the basis of routing.
Applications of TCP/IP
TCP/IP is the protocol suite on which the Internet and almost all private networks run. It lets different types of computers and networks communicate. Applications include:
- World Wide Web: HTTP/HTTPS over TCP for browsing, e-commerce, online banking.
- E-mail: SMTP, POP3, IMAP.
- File transfer and sharing: FTP, SFTP, cloud storage.
- Remote login and administration: SSH, Telnet, remote desktop.
- Name resolution: DNS translates names to IP addresses.
- Network management: SNMP, ICMP (ping, traceroute), DHCP, NTP.
- Real-time communication: VoIP, video conferencing, streaming (RTP over UDP).
- Intranets, extranets and VPNs: private networks using the same protocols.
- Internet of Things and mobile apps: smart devices, remote monitoring, messaging.
IPv4 vs IPv6 on the basis of routing
| Basis | IPv4 | IPv6 |
|---|---|---|
| Address size | 32 bit | 128 bit |
| Address structure | Classful then CIDR, uneven, much fragmentation of blocks | Hierarchical, designed for aggregation; /48 per site, /64 per subnet |
| Routing table size | Very large (many small prefixes) | Smaller because of aggregation |
| Header | Variable, 20-60 bytes, checksum recalculated at each hop | Fixed 40 bytes, no checksum, faster forwarding |
| Fragmentation | Routers may fragment | Routers never fragment |
| Routing protocols | RIPv2, OSPFv2, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP-4 | RIPng, OSPFv3, EIGRP for IPv6, IS-IS, MP-BGP |
| Next-hop address | Interface IP in the same subnet | Often the neighbour's link-local address (fe80::) |
| Address resolution | ARP, broadcast | Neighbour Discovery (ICMPv6, multicast) |
| Default route | 0.0.0.0/0 | ::/0 |
| Route discovery by hosts | Static gateway or DHCP | Router Advertisement gives prefix and gateway |
| Broadcast | Yes | No, replaced by multicast |
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
Related questions
- IPv4 vs IPv6 datagram fragmentation · Internet and Intranet, chapter 2 · asked 2×
- IPv6 migration; IPv4 vs IPv6 packet structure · Internet and Intranet, chapter 2
- RFC and IPv4/IPv6 fragmentation · Internet and Intranet, chapter 2
- Compare IPv6/IPv4 headers; migration · Computer Networks and Security, chapter 7 · asked 2×
- Compare OSI and TCP/IP models · Computer Networks and Security, chapter 1 · asked 4×
- IPv4 drawbacks solved by IPv6 · Computer Networks and Security, chapter 7 · asked 2×
- Factors for IPv6; IPv4 to IPv6 transition · Computer Networks and Security, chapter 7 · asked 2×