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HSB versus YUV colour model
Short answer
HSB describes colour by hue, saturation, brightness, matching human perception; YUV separates luminance Y from chrominance U,V for TV and compression. YUV allows black-and-white compatibility and chroma subsampling.
Differentiate between the HSB colour model and the YUV colour model.
HSB (also HSV) describes colour the way people perceive it: hue, saturation and brightness. YUV separates a colour into one luminance (brightness) component Y and two chrominance (colour-difference) components U and V; it was developed for colour television.
| Point | HSB | YUV |
|---|---|---|
| Components | Hue (H), Saturation (S), Brightness (B) | Luminance (Y), chrominance U and V |
| Meaning | H: the colour type (angle 0-360 degrees); S: purity, 0-100%; B: brightness (value), 0-100% | Y: brightness; U = B - Y and V = R - Y (scaled) |
| Based on | Human perception, intuitive for artists | Television signal needs and the eye's lower sensitivity to colour detail |
| Derived from | Transformation of RGB cube | Linear transformation of RGB |
| Main use | Colour pickers, image editing, selecting colours | PAL TV, video compression (JPEG/MPEG use the similar YCbCr) |
| Compatibility | None needed | Y alone gives a black-and-white picture, so colour signals work on old B/W sets |
| Compression benefit | None directly | U and V can be sub-sampled (4:2:0), saving bandwidth |
| Conversion | Non-linear formulas | Linear matrix |
Formulas for YUV
- Y = 0.299 R + 0.587 G + 0.114 B
- U = 0.492 (B - Y)
- V = 0.877 (R - Y)
Example: pure red (R = 1, G = 0, B = 0): Y = 0.299, U = 0.492 x (0 - 0.299) = -0.147, V = 0.877 x (1 - 0.299) = 0.615. A grey pixel has U = V = 0.
Example for HSB
Pure red is H = 0 degrees, S = 100%, B = 100%. Pink is the same hue with lower saturation (S = 40%). Dark red is the same hue and saturation with brightness 50%.
HSB is chosen when a person must pick and change colours; YUV when data has to be transmitted or compressed efficiently.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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