- 2073 Bhadra · 4 marks
Define saturation temperature, critical point, etc.
Short answer
Saturation temperature is the phase-change temperature at a given pressure; superheated vapor is above its saturation temperature; moisture content is 1−x; critical point is where liquid and vapor phases become identical; specific heat at constant pressure c_p=(∂h/∂T)_P is the energy to raise unit mass one degree at constant pressure.
Define the following terms: saturation temperature, superheated vapor, moisture content, critical point and specific heat at constant pressure.
- Saturation temperature: the temperature at which a pure substance changes phase (boils or condenses) at a given pressure. For water at 101.325 kPa it is 100 °C; it rises with pressure.
- Superheated vapour: vapour at a temperature above the saturation temperature for its pressure. It is a single-phase state; degree of superheat = T − T_sat.
- Moisture content: the mass fraction of liquid in a liquid-vapour mixture = 1 − x, where x is quality.
- Critical point: the point at the top of the saturation dome where the saturated liquid and saturated vapour states become identical; above it, liquid and vapour cannot be distinguished. For water P_c = 22.09 MPa, T_c = 374.1 °C, v_c = 0.00316 m³/kg.
- Specific heat at constant pressure (c_p): the energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree while the pressure is constant: c_p = (∂h/∂T)_P (kJ/kg·K).
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