- 2067 Mangsir · 5 marks
Define saturation temp, saturated vapor, quality, subcooled liquid, critical point
Short answer
Saturation temperature is the boiling point at a given pressure. Saturated vapor is vapor at saturation conditions with quality 1. Quality is the mass fraction of vapor in a saturated mixture. Subcooled liquid is liquid below its saturation temperature. The critical point is where saturated liquid and vapor states become identical.
Define: saturation temperature, saturated vapor, quality, subcooled liquid and critical point.
- Saturation temperature: the temperature at which a pure substance changes phase (boils or condenses) at a given pressure. Water: 100 °C at 101.325 kPa.
- Saturated vapour: vapour at the saturation temperature and pressure, with no liquid left (x = 1); any removal of heat will cause some of it to condense.
- Quality (dryness fraction): the ratio of the mass of vapour to the total mass of a saturated liquid-vapour mixture, x = m_g/(m_f + m_g), ranging from 0 to 1.
- Sub-cooled (compressed) liquid: liquid at a temperature below the saturation temperature for its pressure; the liquid is not about to vaporise.
- Critical point: the point at the top of the saturation dome where saturated liquid and saturated vapour states are the same. For water: P_c = 22.09 MPa, T_c = 374.1 °C, v_c ≈ 0.0031 m³/kg. Beyond it, there is no distinct liquid-vapour transition.
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