Skip to main content

Minimal SOP Σm(3,4,6,8,10,15)+d, NOR-only

Short answer

The minimal SOP is F = A'C + A'D' + B'D' + BC. For NOR-only implementation, express each term as NOR of complemented literals (e.g., A'C = (A+C')'), combine with a NOR to get F', then invert with a NOR gate.

Obtain the minimal SOP form of F(A,B,C,D) = Σm(3,4,6,8,10,15) + d(0,2,7,14) using K-map and implement the simplified result using NOR gate only.

Given F(A,B,C,D)=Σm(3,4,6,8,10,15)+d(0,2,7,14)F(A,B,C,D) = \Sigma m(3,4,6,8,10,15) + d(0,2,7,14).

K-map and minimal SOP

        CD
AB      00  01  11  10
      +---+---+---+---+
 00   | X | 0 | 1 | X |
      +---+---+---+---+
 01   | 1 | 0 | X | 1 |
      +---+---+---+---+
 11   | 0 | 0 | 1 | X |
      +---+---+---+---+
 10   | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
      +---+---+---+---+

Every group below is a quad, made possible by the don't-cares 0, 2, 7, 14:

  • Quad m(2,3,6,7) → A‾C\overline{A}C
  • Quad m(0,2,4,6) → A‾ D‾\overline{A}\,\overline{D}
  • Quad m(0,2,8,10) → B‾ D‾\overline{B}\,\overline{D}
  • Quad m(6,7,14,15) → BCBC
F=A‾C+A‾ D‾+B‾ D‾+BCF = \overline{A}C + \overline{A}\,\overline{D} + \overline{B}\,\overline{D} + BC

Check: 3 (and 2, 7) by A‾C\overline{A}C; 4, 6 by A‾ D‾\overline{A}\,\overline{D}; 8, 10 by B‾ D‾\overline{B}\,\overline{D}; 15 (with 7, 14) by BCBC. This is the only minimal SOP (4 terms, 8 literals).

Implementation using NOR gates only

For NOR-only realization of an SOP expression, write each product term as a NOR of complemented literals (De Morgan: X‾ Y‾=X+Y‾\overline{X}\,\overline{Y} = \overline{X+Y}), feed these to a NOR gate (which gives F‾\overline{F}), and invert with one more NOR whose inputs are tied.

A‾C=A+C‾‾A‾ D‾=A+D‾B‾ D‾=B+D‾BC=B‾+C‾‾\begin{aligned} \overline{A}C &= \overline{A+\overline{C}} & \overline{A}\,\overline{D} &= \overline{A+D} \\ \overline{B}\,\overline{D} &= \overline{B+D} & BC &= \overline{\overline{B}+\overline{C}} \end{aligned} F=P1+P2+P3+P4‾‾F = \overline{\overline{P_1+P_2+P_3+P_4}}
B ──[NOR]── B'   (inputs tied)
C ──[NOR]── C'   (inputs tied)

A, C'  ──[NOR]── P1  ─┐
A, D   ──[NOR]── P2  ─┤
                      ├──[NOR]── F'
B, D   ──[NOR]── P3  ─┤
B', C' ──[NOR]── P4  ─┘

F' ──[NOR]── F   (inputs tied)

Gates: 2 NOR inverters (B‾,C‾\overline{B}, \overline{C}), 4 two-input NORs, one 4-input NOR and one NOR inverter: 8 NOR gates.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

All Digital Logic chapter 3 questions →