- 2078 Bhadra · 3+3 marks
Minimal SOP Σm(3,4,6,8,10,15)+d, NOR-only
Short answer
The minimal SOP is F = A'C + A'D' + B'D' + BC. For NOR-only implementation, express each term as NOR of complemented literals (e.g., A'C = (A+C')'), combine with a NOR to get F', then invert with a NOR gate.
Obtain the minimal SOP form of F(A,B,C,D) = Σm(3,4,6,8,10,15) + d(0,2,7,14) using K-map and implement the simplified result using NOR gate only.
Given .
K-map and minimal SOP
CD
AB 00 01 11 10
+---+---+---+---+
00 | X | 0 | 1 | X |
+---+---+---+---+
01 | 1 | 0 | X | 1 |
+---+---+---+---+
11 | 0 | 0 | 1 | X |
+---+---+---+---+
10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
+---+---+---+---+
Every group below is a quad, made possible by the don't-cares 0, 2, 7, 14:
- Quad m(2,3,6,7) →
- Quad m(0,2,4,6) →
- Quad m(0,2,8,10) →
- Quad m(6,7,14,15) →
Check: 3 (and 2, 7) by ; 4, 6 by ; 8, 10 by ; 15 (with 7, 14) by . This is the only minimal SOP (4 terms, 8 literals).
Implementation using NOR gates only
For NOR-only realization of an SOP expression, write each product term as a NOR of complemented literals (De Morgan: ), feed these to a NOR gate (which gives ), and invert with one more NOR whose inputs are tied.
B ──[NOR]── B' (inputs tied)
C ──[NOR]── C' (inputs tied)
A, C' ──[NOR]── P1 ─┐
A, D ──[NOR]── P2 ─┤
├──[NOR]── F'
B, D ──[NOR]── P3 ─┤
B', C' ──[NOR]── P4 ─┘
F' ──[NOR]── F (inputs tied)
Gates: 2 NOR inverters (), 4 two-input NORs, one 4-input NOR and one NOR inverter: 8 NOR gates.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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