Skip to main content

Si with 10¹⁵ As: resistance and Fermi level

Short answer

10¹⁵ As/cm³: σ = 0.216 Ω⁻¹cm⁻¹, R = 4.62 Ω, EF – EFi = 0.288 eV. Adding 10²² B/cm³ makes it p-type with p ≈ 10²² cm⁻³, σ = 7.21×10⁵ Ω⁻¹cm⁻¹, R = 1.39×10⁻⁶ Ω.

An n-type Si wafer has been doped uniformly with 10¹⁵ Arsenic atoms per cm³. Calculate its resistance and the position of the Fermi energy with respect to the intrinsic Fermi energy level EFi at 27°C. If this sample is further doped with 10²² Boron atoms per cm³, what will be change in its resistance?

Assume: Si at 300 K (27∘27^\circC), kT=0.02586kT = 0.02586 eV, ni=1.45×1010n_i = 1.45\times10^{10} cm−3^{-3}, μe=1350\mu_e = 1350, μh=450\mu_h = 450 cm2^2V−1^{-1}s−1^{-1}. Sample size is not given, so take a 1 cm cube: RR (Ω\Omega) =ρ= \rho (Ω\Omega cm).

Resistance with 101510^{15} As cm−3^{-3}

n≈Nd=1015 cm−3,p=ni2n=2.1×105 cm−3 (negligible)σ=eNdμe=1.602×10−19×1015×1350=0.216 Ω−1cm−1ρ=4.62 Ω cm  ⇒  R=4.62 Ω\begin{aligned} n &\approx N_d = 10^{15}\ \text{cm}^{-3}, \quad p = \frac{n_i^2}{n} = 2.1\times10^{5}\ \text{cm}^{-3}\ (\text{negligible}) \\ \sigma &= eN_d\mu_e = 1.602\times10^{-19}\times10^{15}\times1350 = 0.216\ \Omega^{-1}\text{cm}^{-1} \\ \rho &= 4.62\ \Omega\,\text{cm} \;\Rightarrow\; R = 4.62\ \Omega \end{aligned}

Fermi level

EF−EFi=kTln⁡Ndni=0.02586ln⁡10151.45×1010=0.02586×11.14=0.288 eV\begin{aligned} E_F - E_{Fi} &= kT\ln\frac{N_d}{n_i} = 0.02586\ln\frac{10^{15}}{1.45\times10^{10}} \\ &= 0.02586\times11.14 = 0.288\ \text{eV} \end{aligned}

EFE_F is 0.288 eV above EFiE_{Fi}.

Further doped with 102210^{22} B cm−3^{-3}

Na≫NdN_a \gg N_d, so the sample becomes strongly p-type: p=Na−Nd≈1022p = N_a - N_d \approx 10^{22} cm−3^{-3}.

σ=epμh=1.602×10−19×1022×450=7.21×105 Ω−1cm−1ρ=1.39×10−6 Ω cm  ⇒  R=1.39×10−6 Ω\begin{aligned} \sigma &= ep\mu_h = 1.602\times10^{-19}\times10^{22}\times450 = 7.21\times10^{5}\ \Omega^{-1}\text{cm}^{-1} \\ \rho &= 1.39\times10^{-6}\ \Omega\,\text{cm} \;\Rightarrow\; R = 1.39\times10^{-6}\ \Omega \end{aligned}

The resistance falls by a factor of 4.62/1.39×10−6≈3.3×1064.62/1.39\times10^{-6} \approx 3.3\times10^{6}.

Note: 102210^{22} cm−3^{-3} is 20% of all Si atoms, so the material would be heavily degenerate and the real hole mobility far below 450 cm2^2/Vs; the figure above follows the simple model as asked. (If the intended value is 101710^{17} cm−3^{-3}, then p=9.9×1016p = 9.9\times10^{16} cm−3^{-3} and R=0.140R = 0.140 Ω\Omega.)

Answer: R=4.62R = 4.62 Ω\Omega, EF−EFi=0.288E_F - E_{Fi} = 0.288 eV; after boron doping, p-type with R≈1.39×10−6R \approx 1.39\times10^{-6} Ω\Omega.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

All Electrical Engineering Material chapter 6 questions →