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Position of 3.5 tonne load on cross piece

Short answer

For equal extension, steel carries twice the load of copper due to double E. With total 3500 kgf, steel takes 2333.3 kgf, copper 1166.7 kgf. Moment equilibrium about steel rod gives distance x = (1166.7 × 100) / 3500 = 33.33 cm from steel rod.

Two vertical rods of steel and copper are rigidly fixed with the ceiling at their ends at 100cm apart. Each rod is 3m long and 25mm diameter. A horizontal cross piece connects the lower ends of the rods. Where should a load of 3.5 tonnes be placed on the cross piece so that it remains horizontal after being loaded. Take Es=2×106 kg/cm2E_s = 2\times10^6\ \text{kg/cm}^2, Ec=1.0×106 kg/cm2E_c = 1.0\times10^6\ \text{kg/cm}^2.

Idea: the cross piece stays horizontal only if both rods stretch equally. The rods have the same area and length, so the load carried by each rod must be proportional to its EE.

Let the steel rod carry PsP_s and the copper rod carry PcP_c, with Ps+Pc=3500P_s + P_c = 3500 kgf. Equal extension:

PsLAEs=PcLAEc⇒PsPc=EsEc=2×1061×106=2\frac{P_sL}{AE_s} = \frac{P_cL}{AE_c} \Rightarrow \frac{P_s}{P_c} = \frac{E_s}{E_c} = \frac{2\times10^6}{1\times10^6} = 2 Ps=23(3500)=2333.3 kgf,Pc=13(3500)=1166.7 kgfP_s = \frac{2}{3}(3500) = 2333.3\ \text{kgf}, \qquad P_c = \frac{1}{3}(3500) = 1166.7\ \text{kgf}

(With A=π4(2.5)2=4.909A = \dfrac{\pi}{4}(2.5)^2 = 4.909 cm², the extension of each rod is 2333.3×3004.909×2×106=0.0713\dfrac{2333.3\times300}{4.909\times2\times10^6} = 0.0713 cm, the same for both rods.)

Position of the load

Let the load act at distance xx from the steel rod. Taking moments about the steel rod (rods 100 cm apart):

3500 x=Pc(100)=1166.7×100⇒x=33.33 cm3500\,x = P_c(100) = 1166.7\times100 \Rightarrow x = 33.33\ \text{cm}
   steel            copper
    |<----- 100 cm ---->|
    |                    |
  ==|====================|==  cross piece
    |  ^                 |
    |<-x->  3.5 t load   |

Answer: the load should be placed 33.33 cm from the steel rod (66.67 cm from the copper rod).

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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