Points to consider when measuring earthwork

The following points are considered when measuring earthwork:

1. Classification of soil: ordinary soil, soft rock, hard rock and water-bearing strata are measured separately because their rates differ.
2. Dimensions: length x breadth x depth of the trench or pit, measured as the net volume in place (m³). The width is the foundation width plus the working space (at least 0.15 to 0.3 m on each side), and the depth is taken to the bottom of the PCC.
3. Depth range: excavation is classified by depth (0 to 1.5 m, 1.5 to 3 m, and so on), and the lift and lead are specified.
4. Slopes and benching: side slopes and benching in deep trenches are added if the specification allows them; otherwise vertical sides are taken, with shoring.
5. Lead and lift: the distance and the height over which the excavated soil is carried away or to the filling site.
6. Dewatering, shoring and strutting when needed, measured as separate items.
7. Backfilling and disposal: the quantity of backfill = excavated volume - volume of foundation work below ground level. The surplus soil is disposed of or used for filling the plinth.
8. Bulking and shrinkage: soil swells (about 20 to 30%) on excavation and compacts on filling.
9. No deduction for small items such as pipes, and no addition for the loosening of the soil.
10. Units: m³ for excavation/filling, m² for surface dressing, m for trimming along a line (as per the specification).