- 2079 Bhadra · 6 marks
Phi-index from runoff volume 92,800 m3
Short answer
Runoff depth = 92800 m³ / (0.8×10⁶ m²) = 0.116 m = 11.6 cm. Total rainfall is 20 cm. Excluding the 0.8 and 1.0 cm hours, the remaining 6 hours give 18.2 - 6φ = 11.6, yielding φ = 1.10 cm/h.
Determine -index for a watershed with catchment area of 0.8 km if temporal distribution of rainfall at different time duration are as the following table. Take surface runoff as 92,800 m.
| Duration (hr) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incremental rainfall (cm) | 0.8 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
Runoff depth
Rainfall
cm over 8 h (1-h steps). Total loss cm.
Trial for
Assume the 0.8 cm and 1.0 cm hours are below (no excess). The other six hours contribute (1.8 + 3.0 + 4.6 + 3.6 + 3.2 + 2.0) = 18.2 cm.
Check: and ; all other hours exceed 1.10 cm. The assumption holds.
| Hour | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain (cm) | 0.8 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
| Excess (cm) | 0 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 0 |
The excess sums to 11.6 cm, which agrees with the runoff.
Answer: -index = 1.10 cm/h.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Sonnet 5.5
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