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Phi-index from runoff volume 92,800 m3

Short answer

Runoff depth = 92800 m³ / (0.8×10⁶ m²) = 0.116 m = 11.6 cm. Total rainfall is 20 cm. Excluding the 0.8 and 1.0 cm hours, the remaining 6 hours give 18.2 - 6φ = 11.6, yielding φ = 1.10 cm/h.

Determine ϕ\phi-index for a watershed with catchment area of 0.8 km2^2 if temporal distribution of rainfall at different time duration are as the following table. Take surface runoff as 92,800 m3^3.

Duration (hr)12345678
Incremental rainfall (cm)0.81.83.04.63.63.22.01.0

Runoff depth

R=VA=92,800 m30.8×106 m2=0.116 m=11.6 cmR = \frac{V}{A} = \frac{92{,}800\ \text{m}^3}{0.8\times10^{6}\ \text{m}^2} = 0.116\ \text{m} = 11.6\ \text{cm}

Rainfall

P=0.8+1.8+3.0+4.6+3.6+3.2+2.0+1.0=20.0P = 0.8+1.8+3.0+4.6+3.6+3.2+2.0+1.0 = 20.0 cm over 8 h (1-h steps). Total loss =20.0−11.6=8.4= 20.0 - 11.6 = 8.4 cm.

Trial for ϕ\phi

Assume the 0.8 cm and 1.0 cm hours are below ϕ\phi (no excess). The other six hours contribute (1.8 + 3.0 + 4.6 + 3.6 + 3.2 + 2.0) = 18.2 cm.

18.2−6ϕ=11.6  ⇒  ϕ=1.10 cm/h18.2 - 6\phi = 11.6 \;\Rightarrow\; \phi = 1.10\ \text{cm/h}

Check: 1.10>0.81.10 > 0.8 and 1.10>1.01.10 > 1.0; all other hours exceed 1.10 cm. The assumption holds.

Hour12345678
Rain (cm)0.81.83.04.63.63.22.01.0
Excess (cm)00.71.93.52.52.10.90

The excess sums to 11.6 cm, which agrees with the runoff.

Answer: ϕ\phi-index = 1.10 cm/h.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Sonnet 5.5

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