- 2073 Bhadra · 2 marks
Canal standards and balancing depth
Short answer
Canal standards define design values for side slopes, freeboard, berm width, bank top width, bed width-depth ratio, permissible velocity, curve radius, and hydraulic gradient to ensure safety and economy. Balancing depth is the bed depth below ground where excavation equals fill for banks, eliminating borrow pits and spoil banks for minimum cost.
Write about canal standards and balancing depth.
Canal standards are the standard design values adopted for canal sections, so that canals are safe and economical: side slopes (1.5:1 in cutting, 2:1 in filling in the usual case), free board (0.5-1 m by discharge), berm width, bank top width (1.5-6 m, wider for service roads), bed width to depth ratio, permissible velocity and bed slope, curve radius, and the hydraulic gradient inside the bank.
Balancing depth is the depth of canal bed below ground at which the earth excavated equals the earth required for the banks. Then there is neither a borrow pit nor a spoil bank, so cost is least. It is found from area of filling in banks.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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