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Vertical curve +4% and -3%, through given point

Short answer

Gradient difference N = 0.07, SSD = 135.6 m. Assuming L > S, length L = NS^2/4.4 = 295 m. From point 60 m right of PVI (elevation 120.10 m), RL of PVI = 122.808 m. RL of BVC = 116.91 m, highest point = 120.28 m, RL of EVC = 118.38 m.

An ascending 4% gradient meets with 3% descending gradient. Design the length of vertical curve to meet the visibility requirement. Calculate the RL of beginning end and highest points on the curve if the curve should pass through the point having elevation 120.10 m located at 60 m right from PVI. Assume design speed as 80 kmph, brake efficiency as 90% and coefficient of friction as 0.35.

A +4% grade meeting a −3% grade gives a summit curve, N=0.04+0.03=0.07N=0.04+0.03=0.07.

Stopping sight distance

V=80V=80 km/h, t=2.5t=2.5 s, effective friction =0.35×0.90=0.315=0.35\times0.90=0.315 (brake efficiency 90%):

SSD=0.278(80)(2.5)+802254(0.315)=135.6 mSSD=0.278(80)(2.5)+\frac{80^2}{254(0.315)}=135.6\ \text{m}

Length of curve (assuming L>SL>S)

L=NS24.4=0.07(135.6)24.4=292.5 mL=\frac{NS^2}{4.4}=\frac{0.07(135.6)^2}{4.4}=292.5\ \text{m}

Adopt L = 295 m (>S>S, valid); half length = 147.5 m.

RL of PVI from the given point

"60 m right from PVI" is taken as 60 m on the EVC side. Distance of that point from EVC =147.5−60=87.5=147.5-60=87.5 m. The curve lies below the tangent by N(x′)22L\dfrac{N(x')^2}{2L}:

offset=0.07(87.5)22(295)=0.908 m\text{offset}=\frac{0.07(87.5)^2}{2(295)}=0.908\ \text{m}

Tangent level at 60 m right of PVI =RLPVI−0.03(60)=RL_{PVI}-0.03(60), and the curve level is this minus the offset:

120.10=RLPVI−1.80−0.908⇒RLPVI=122.808 m120.10=RL_{PVI}-1.80-0.908\Rightarrow RL_{PVI}=122.808\ \text{m}

Levels

RLBVC=122.808−0.04(147.5)=116.908 m,RLEVC=122.808−0.03(147.5)=118.383 mRL_{BVC}=122.808-0.04(147.5)=116.908\ \text{m},\qquad RL_{EVC}=122.808-0.03(147.5)=118.383\ \text{m}

Highest point

x=g1LN=0.04(295)0.07=168.57 m from BVCx=\frac{g_1L}{N}=\frac{0.04(295)}{0.07}=168.57\ \text{m from BVC} RLmax=RLBVC+g12L2N=116.908+0.042(295)2(0.07)=120.280 mRL_{max}=RL_{BVC}+\frac{g_1^2L}{2N}=116.908+\frac{0.04^2(295)}{2(0.07)}=120.280\ \text{m}

Answer: L = 295 m; RL of BVC = 116.91 m; RL of highest point = 120.28 m; RL of EVC = 118.38 m.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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