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Summit curve +4% and -4%, limited to 800 m

Short answer

Summit curve with grades +4% and -4% requires 409 m for SSD (150 m), 750 m for ISD (300 m), and 2083 m for OSD (500 m). With maximum length 800 m, SSD and ISD are satisfied but OSD cannot be provided; overtaking must be prohibited.

A vertical summit curve is to be designed when two grades +4% and -4% meet on a highway. The stopping sight distance and overtaking sight distance required are 150 m and 500 m respectively. But due to site conditions, the length of curve has to be restricted to a maximum value of 800 m if possible. Calculate the length of curve needed to fulfil the requirements of (a) stopping sight distance (b) overtaking sight distance or at least intermediate sight distance. Discuss the results.

g1=+4%, g2=−4%g_1=+4\%,\ g_2=-4\%, so N=0.08N=0.08. This is a summit curve (IRC/NRS 2070: eye height 1.2 m; object height 0.15 m for SSD and 1.2 m for OSD).

(a) Stopping sight distance S = 150 m

Assuming L>SL>S:

L=NS24.4=0.08(150)24.4=409.1 mL=\frac{NS^2}{4.4}=\frac{0.08(150)^2}{4.4}=409.1\ \text{m}

L>SL>S, so valid. L ≈ 410 m, which is less than 800 m, so it is possible.

(b) Overtaking sight distance S = 500 m

For h1=h2=1.2h_1=h_2=1.2 m:

L=NS29.6=0.08(500)29.6=2083.3 mL=\frac{NS^2}{9.6}=\frac{0.08(500)^2}{9.6}=2083.3\ \text{m}

This exceeds the 800 m limit. With L = 800 m the sight distance actually available is

S=9.6LN=9.6(800)0.08=309.8 mS=\sqrt{\frac{9.6L}{N}}=\sqrt{\frac{9.6(800)}{0.08}}=309.8\ \text{m}

which is much less than the 500 m OSD.

Intermediate sight distance

ISD =2×SSD=300=2\times SSD=300 m:

L=0.08(300)29.6=750 mL=\frac{0.08(300)^2}{9.6}=750\ \text{m}

This is within 800 m, so ISD can be provided.

Discussion

CriterionRequired lengthWithin 800 m?
SSD 150 m409 mYes
ISD 300 m750 mYes
OSD 500 m2083 mNo

Answer: adopt L = 800 m (or at least 750 m). It satisfies SSD (210 m available) and ISD (310 m), but full OSD cannot be provided within 800 m. Overtaking must be prohibited on this summit (no-overtaking signs and continuous centre line).

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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