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Summit curve limited to 750 m

Short answer

For SSD of 210 m, required length is 390 m (feasible). OSD of 600 m requires 1458 m, exceeding the 750 m limit. Intermediate sight distance (420 m) can be provided with 715 m length, so adopt 715–750 m and prohibit overtaking.

A vertical summit curve is to be designed when two grades +1/60 (ascending grade of 1 in 60) and -1/45 (descending grade of 1 in 45) meet on a highway. The stopping sight distance and overtaking sight distance required are 210 m and 600 m respectively. But due to site condition, the length of vertical curve has to be restricted to a maximum value of 750 m if possible. Calculate the length of summit curve needed to fulfil the requirements of: i) Stopping sight distance ii) Overtaking sight distance or at least intermediate sight distance, and discuss the result.

Given: g1=+1/60=+1.667%g_1 = +1/60 = +1.667\%, g2=−1/45=−2.222%g_2 = -1/45 = -2.222\%; SSD =210= 210 m, OSD =600= 600 m; Lmax=750L_{max} = 750 m.

N=160+145=0.03889N = \frac{1}{60} + \frac{1}{45} = 0.03889

Sight line heights (IRC): eye height H=1.2H = 1.2 m; object height h=0.15h = 0.15 m for SSD and h=1.2h = 1.2 m for OSD and ISD.

(i) Stopping sight distance (S=210S = 210 m)

Assuming S<LS < L:

L=NS2(2H+2h)2=0.03889 (210)2(2.4+0.3)2=1715.04.397=390.0 mL = \frac{N S^2}{\left(\sqrt{2H}+\sqrt{2h}\right)^2} = \frac{0.03889\,(210)^2}{(\sqrt{2.4}+\sqrt{0.3})^2} = \frac{1715.0}{4.397} = 390.0\ \text{m}

S=210<390S = 210 < 390, so the assumption holds. L=390L = 390 m < 750 m: OK.

(ii) Overtaking sight distance (S=600S = 600 m)

L=NS2(2.4+2.4)2=0.03889 (600)29.6=1458.3 mL = \frac{N S^2}{(\sqrt{2.4}+\sqrt{2.4})^2} = \frac{0.03889\,(600)^2}{9.6} = 1458.3\ \text{m}

S<LS < L, valid. But 1458 m is more than the limit of 750 m, so it is not feasible.

Intermediate sight distance =2×SSD=420= 2\times SSD = 420 m:

L=0.03889 (420)29.6=714.6 m (<750 m)L = \frac{0.03889\,(420)^2}{9.6} = 714.6\ \text{m} \ (< 750\ \text{m})

Discussion

Sight distanceLength requiredWithin 750 m?
SSD = 210 m390 mYes
OSD = 600 m1458 mNo
ISD = 420 m715 mYes

A summit curve of 750 m cannot give the full overtaking sight distance; providing OSD would need 1458 m, which is too costly. So adopt L≈715L \approx 715-750750 m, which gives at least the intermediate sight distance (420 m) and more than the SSD everywhere. Overtaking is then possible only with caution, and "no overtaking" signs and markings are provided on the curve. A length of 750 m gives an ISD of about 430 m.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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