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Equipment for highway and pavement construction

Short answer

Highway equipment includes bulldozers, scrapers, graders, rollers, bitumen plants, pavers, and concrete pavers. Motor grader shapes base and sub-base with an adjustable blade. Paver receives hot mix, spreads it with auger, and screed levels and pre-compacts the mat.

Name and discuss the equipment used for highway and pavement construction (earthwork in excavation and pavement), and explain any two of them with sketches.

Equipment used

Earthwork: bulldozer, scraper, excavator, grader, dump trucks, water tanker. Compaction: smooth-wheel, vibratory and pneumatic rollers. Sub-base/base: grader, aggregate spreader, roller, water tanker. Bituminous works: hot-mix plant, bitumen boiler/heater, bitumen sprayer, paver (finisher), tipper trucks, rollers, chip spreader. Concrete pavement: batching plant, transit mixer, slip-form paver, concrete finisher, vibrators, joint cutter.

1. Motor grader

        cab
      [____]
   (O)--------(O)(O)   blade under the belly
          \__blade__/

A six-wheel machine with an adjustable blade under the frame, used for spreading and fine-shaping base and sub-base to the camber and grade, mixing, ditch cutting, and for maintenance of gravel roads.

2. Paver (bituminous finisher)

   truck -> [hopper]--conveyor--[auger]--[screed]
                tracks / wheels      (levels & compacts lightly)

The paver receives hot mix from trucks into the hopper, carries it by conveyors to the auger, which spreads it in front of the screed. The screed levels and pre-compacts the mat to the desired thickness, width and camber. It is followed by rollers.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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