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Rigid bar AB: vertical displacement of F

Short answer

For AB to stay horizontal, both rods shorten equally. Forces: 37.5 kN in steel, 52.5 kN in aluminium. Shortening δ = PL/(AE) gives 0.179 mm. Vertical displacement of F is 0.179 mm downward (load must act 233.3 mm from A).

Determine vertical displacement of point F, if AB is a rigid bar and remains horizontal, AC and BD are rods made of steel and aluminium having diameter 20mm and 40mm respectively. E for steel and aluminium are 200GPa and 70GPa respectively. [Figure: rigid horizontal bar AB with a 90 kN load applied at F, 200 m from A (as marked), rods AC and BD vertical, 300 m high, fixed at C and D at the base; AB spans 400 m.]

Assumptions: the dimensions marked "m" in the figure are read as millimetres (rod length 300 mm, AB = 400 mm, AF = 200 mm). The rods AC (steel, 20 mm dia.) and BD (aluminium, 40 mm dia.) are vertical posts under the rigid bar, so both are in compression.

Rod properties

Ast=π4(20)2=314.16 mm2,Aal=π4(40)2=1256.64 mm2A_{st} = \frac{\pi}{4}(20)^2 = 314.16\ \text{mm}^2, \qquad A_{al} = \frac{\pi}{4}(40)^2 = 1256.64\ \text{mm}^2 AstEst=314.16×200 000=6.283×107 N,AalEal=1256.64×70 000=8.796×107 NA_{st}E_{st} = 314.16\times200\,000 = 6.283\times10^{7}\ \text{N}, \qquad A_{al}E_{al} = 1256.64\times70\,000 = 8.796\times10^{7}\ \text{N}

Bar remains horizontal (as stated in the question)

If AB stays horizontal, both rods shorten by the same amount δ\delta, and this is also the vertical displacement of F. Each rod force is P=AEδ/LP = AE\delta/L, and together they carry the 90 kN load:

δL(AstEst+AalEal)=90 000⇒δ=90 000×3006.283×107+8.796×107=0.179 mm\frac{\delta}{L}\left(A_{st}E_{st} + A_{al}E_{al}\right) = 90\,000 \Rightarrow \delta = \frac{90\,000\times300}{6.283\times10^{7}+8.796\times10^{7}} = 0.179\ \text{mm}

Loads in the rods: Pst=6.283×107×0.179300=37.5P_{st} = \dfrac{6.283\times10^{7}\times0.179}{300} = 37.5 kN and Pal=90−37.5=52.5P_{al} = 90 - 37.5 = 52.5 kN.

For the bar to stay horizontal, the load must act where these rod forces balance it. Taking moments about A: 90 x=52.5×40090\,x = 52.5\times400, so x=233.3x = 233.3 mm from A.

If the load is exactly at the mid-point (AF = 200 mm)

Then PA=PB=45P_A = P_B = 45 kN, and

δA=45 000×300314.16×200 000=0.2149 mm,δB=45 000×3001256.64×70 000=0.1535 mm\delta_A = \frac{45\,000\times 300}{314.16\times 200\,000} = 0.2149\ \text{mm}, \qquad \delta_B = \frac{45\,000\times 300}{1256.64\times 70\,000} = 0.1535\ \text{mm} δF=δA+δB2=0.2149+0.15352=0.1842 mm\delta_F = \frac{\delta_A + \delta_B}{2} = \frac{0.2149+0.1535}{2} = 0.1842\ \text{mm}

In this case the bar tilts slightly (by 0.0614/4000.0614/400 rad).

Answer: with AB remaining horizontal, the vertical displacement of F is δF=0.179 mm\delta_F = 0.179\ \text{mm} downward (steel 37.5 kN, aluminium 52.5 kN, load 233.3 mm from A). If the load is taken exactly at the mid-point, δF≈0.184\delta_F \approx 0.184 mm and the bar tilts slightly.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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