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Vertical curve with horizontal curve, 45 degrees

Short answer

Design speed is 80 km/h, SSD = 127.6 m. Length of summit vertical curve is170 m.

A section of highway has vertical and horizontal curves with the same design speed. A horizontal curve on this highway with a ruling radius and a deviation angle of 45° is 180 m long. Design the length of a vertical curve on this highway connecting a +3% grade with -1.5% grade so as to fulfill the stopping sight distance criteria. Assume coefficient of longitudinal friction as 0.35.

Step 1: ruling radius and design speed

The horizontal curve has deflection Δ=45∘\Delta=45^\circ and length 180 m:

R=LΔ (rad)=1800.7854=229.2 mR=\frac{L}{\Delta\ (\text{rad})}=\frac{180}{0.7854}=229.2\ \text{m}

A ruling (minimum) radius uses emax=0.07e_{max}=0.07 and fmax=0.15f_{max}=0.15 (IRC):

V=127R(e+f)=127(229.2)(0.22)=80.0 km/hV=\sqrt{127R(e+f)}=\sqrt{127(229.2)(0.22)}=80.0\ \text{km/h}

So the design speed for both curves is 80 km/h.

Step 2: stopping sight distance

SSD=0.278(80)(2.5)+802254(0.35)=127.6 mSSD=0.278(80)(2.5)+\frac{80^2}{254(0.35)}=127.6\ \text{m}

Step 3: summit curve

g1=+3%, g2=−1.5%g_1=+3\%,\ g_2=-1.5\%, so N=0.03+0.015=0.045N=0.03+0.015=0.045 (summit). With eye height 1.2 m and object height 0.15 m (IRC/NRS), assuming L>SL>S:

L=NS22(H+h)2=NS24.4=0.045(127.6)24.4=166.5 mL=\frac{NS^2}{2(\sqrt{H}+\sqrt{h})^2}=\frac{NS^2}{4.4}=\frac{0.045(127.6)^2}{4.4}=166.5\ \text{m}

L>SL>S, so the assumption holds.

Answer: adopt a summit vertical curve of length L = 170 m (design speed 80 km/h, SSD = 127.6 m).

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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