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CT secondary should not be kept open

Short answer

True. If the secondary is open, the opposing mmf is lost, the full primary current magnetizes the core, causing saturation, extremely high induced voltages (insulation breakdown and shock hazard), and core overheating.

State whether the following statement is true or false and justify: Secondary of CT should not be kept open while the primary winding is energized.

True. The secondary of a current transformer must never be left open while the primary carries current. It should be short-circuited (or connected to a low-impedance burden) first.

Justification

In a CT the primary is in series with the line, so the primary current I1I_1 is fixed by the load of the power system and does not depend on the secondary. Under normal working, the secondary current I2I_2 produces an mmf N2I2N_2I_2 that almost cancels the primary mmf N1I1N_1I_1. Only a small net mmf (equal to the exciting mmf N1I0N_1I_0) remains to magnetise the core, so the flux is small.

If the secondary is opened:

  1. I2=0I_2 = 0, so there is no opposing mmf. The full primary mmf N1I1N_1I_1 acts as magnetising mmf.
  2. The core flux rises sharply and the core saturates deeply.
  3. The secondary has a very large number of turns. The emf e2=N2 dϕ/dte_2 = N_2\,d\phi/dt becomes a high peaky voltage (several kV), which can break down the insulation and is dangerous to the operator.
  4. Core loss rises greatly, so the core overheats and may be damaged.
  5. A large residual flux is left in the core after the primary is de-energised, which spoils the ratio accuracy of the CT.

Hence the statement is true.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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