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- 2072 Chaitra (CS II) · 4 marks
- 2071 Chaitra (CS II) · 4 marks
Line coding 1001001101 (polar NRZ, polar RZ, Manchester, AMI)
Short answer
Polar NRZ: 1=+V, 0=-V flat. Polar RZ: half-width +V for 1, -V for 0, return to zero. Manchester: 1=+V half then -V half, 0=-V then +V. AMI: 1s alternate between +V and -V half-width pulses, 0 no pulse. Sequence 1001001101 drawn accordingly.
Represent binary sequence 1001001101 in polar NRZ, polar RZ, Manchester and AMI codes.
Bit sequence: 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1, bit period , levels .
Conventions used: Manchester sends 1 as a +V half followed by a −V half, and 0 as −V then +V (Lathi/Haykin; the IEEE 802.3 convention is the opposite). AMI sends alternate 1s as half-width +V and −V pulses, starting with +V, and 0 as no pulse.
Polar NRZ (1 → +V, 0 → −V)
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
+V ────| |───| |───────| |───
-V |───────| |───────| |───|
Polar RZ (half-width pulses)
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
+V ──| |─| |─| |─| |─|
0 |─| |─| |─| |─| |─| |─| |─| |─| |─| |─
-V |─| |─| |─| |─| |─|
Manchester
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
+V ──| |─| |───| |─| |───| |─| |───|
-V |───| |─| |───| |─| |─| |───| |─
AMI (bipolar RZ)
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
+V ──| |─| |─|
0 |─────────| |─────────| |─| |─────| |─
-V |─| |─|
AMI: the five 1s get polarities + − + − +. Polar RZ and Manchester give a transition in every bit, which helps clock recovery. AMI has no DC component.
✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)
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