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Suspension 150 m: four moving loads, BM at 40 m

Short answer

Using influence lines for a three-hinged stiffening girder, the maximum bending moment at 40 m is 4528.0 kN·m per girder with the 150 kN load at the section. Maximum cable tension is 760.04 kN at the supports.

A suspension bridge, 150 m span, has two three hinged stiffening girders supported by two cables with a central dip of 20 m. If four point loads of 200 kN, 150 kN, 300 kN and 100 kN with equal spacing of 4 m are moving from left to right along the central lines of the roadway having 200 kN as a leading load, determine maximum bending moment at 40 m from left support. Also determine maximum tension in the cable.

Assumption. The two girders share the load equally, so each girder/cable carries half of every wheel load. No dead load is given, so only the moving train is considered.

Part 1: Maximum BM at 40 m from the left support

For a three-hinged stiffening girder (span LL = 150 m, dip dd = 20 m) a unit load at distance aa gives

H=M0Cd,Mx=M0x−H yx,yx=4d x(L−x)L2H = \frac{M_{0C}}{d},\qquad M_x = M_{0x} - H\,y_x,\qquad y_x = \frac{4d\,x(L-x)}{L^2}

At xx = 40 m: yx=4(20)(40)(110)1502=15.644y_x = \dfrac{4(20)(40)(110)}{150^2} = 15.644 m, so yx/d=0.7822y_x/d = 0.7822. The influence-line ordinate for MM at 40 m is

η(a)=M0x(a)−yxd M0C(a),M0x={a(L−x)/La≤xx(L−a)/La>x,M0C=a2 (a≤75)\eta(a) = M_{0x}(a) - \frac{y_x}{d}\,M_{0C}(a),\quad M_{0x} = \begin{cases} a(L-x)/L & a \le x \\ x(L-a)/L & a > x \end{cases},\quad M_{0C} = \frac{a}{2}\ (a \le 75)

The ILD peaks at the section (η\eta = 13.69 m at aa = 40 m), is positive up to aa = 60.8 m and negative beyond, so the loads must be bunched near the section. Trying the train (200 kN leading, to the right) and moving it in small steps, the maximum occurs with the 150 kN load at the section (40 m): loads are at 44, 40, 36 and 32 m.

Load P (kN)Position a (m)Ordinate η\eta (m)PηP\eta (kN m)
2004411.05782211.56
1504013.68892053.33
3003612.32003696.00
1003210.95111095.11

Sum for the whole train = 9056.0 kN m. Each girder takes half:

Mmax,40=9056.02=4528.0 kN mM_{max,40} = \frac{9056.0}{2} = 4528.0\ \text{kN m}

Neighbouring positions give less (for example, with the 200 kN load at 40 m the sum is 8829.3 kN m, and with the 300 kN load at 40 m it is 8682.7 kN m), confirming the maximum.

Part 2: Maximum tension in the cable

HH is greatest when the mid-span moment M0CM_{0C} of the simple beam is greatest. Scanning the train gives the maximum when the 300 kN load is at mid-span (loads at 83, 79, 75, 71 m):

M0C=26825 kN m (whole train),per girder 13412.5 kN mM_{0C} = 26825\ \text{kN m (whole train)},\qquad \text{per girder } 13412.5\ \text{kN m} Hmax=13412.520=670.62 kNH_{max} = \frac{13412.5}{20} = 670.62\ \text{kN}

The tension is greatest at the supports, where the slope is tan⁡θ=4d/L=0.5333\tan\theta = 4d/L = 0.5333:

Tmax=H1+tan⁡2θ=670.62×1.1333=760.04 kNT_{max} = H\sqrt{1+\tan^2\theta} = 670.62\times 1.1333 = 760.04\ \text{kN}

Answer: Maximum BM at 40 m = 4528.0 kN m per girder (with 150 kN load at the section); maximum cable tension = 760.04 kN in each cable (at the supports).

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

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