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Line flows by G-S after one iteration

Short answer

Treat line data as series impedances. After one G-S iteration: V2=0.9968∠−0.8802°, V3=0.9872∠−1.7706° pu. Line flows: S12=0.3918+j0.3971, S23=0.4468+j0.1770, S31=−0.5599−j0.3931 pu; total loss=0.0104+j0.0543 pu.

The following bus and line data are available for a power system, determine the line flows by Gauss Seidel method using voltages obtained after 1 iteration. Consider flat voltage start for all the load buses.

Bus data:

| Bus No | PG, pu | QG, pu | PL, pu | QL, pu | |V|, pu | δ, degree | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1.02 | 0 | | 2 | - | - | 0.8 | 0.4 | - | - | | 3 | - | - | 1.0 | 0.6 | - | - |

Line data:

LineSeries admittance, pu
1-20.01+j0.05
2-30.007+j0.037
3-10.012+j0.064

The line values 0.01+j0.050.01 + j0.05 pu etc. have the size of series impedances (as admittances they would be far too small), so they are treated as series impedances. Bus 1 is the slack bus (1.02∠0∘1.02\angle 0^\circ); buses 2 and 3 are load buses: P2=−0.8P_2 = -0.8, Q2=−0.4Q_2 = -0.4, P3=−1.0P_3 = -1.0, Q3=−0.6Q_3 = -0.6 pu. Flat start V2(0)=V3(0)=1∠0∘V_2^{(0)} = V_3^{(0)} = 1\angle 0^\circ.

Y-bus

y12=10.010+j0.050=3.8462−j19.2308y23=10.007+j0.037=4.9365−j26.0931y31=10.012+j0.064=2.8302−j15.0943\begin{aligned} y_{12} &= \frac{1}{0.010 + j0.050} = 3.8462 - j19.2308 \\ y_{23} &= \frac{1}{0.007 + j0.037} = 4.9365 - j26.0931 \\ y_{31} &= \frac{1}{0.012 + j0.064} = 2.8302 - j15.0943 \end{aligned} Ybus=[6.6763−j34.3251−3.8462+j19.2308−2.8302+j15.0943−3.8462+j19.23088.7827−j45.3239−4.9365+j26.0931−2.8302+j15.0943−4.9365+j26.09317.7667−j41.1874] puY_{bus} = \begin{bmatrix} 6.6763 - j34.3251 & -3.8462 + j19.2308 & -2.8302 + j15.0943 \\ -3.8462 + j19.2308 & 8.7827 - j45.3239 & -4.9365 + j26.0931 \\ -2.8302 + j15.0943 & -4.9365 + j26.0931 & 7.7667 - j41.1874 \end{bmatrix}\ \text{pu}

Gauss-Seidel: first iteration

Iteration 1

V2(1)=1Y22[P2−jQ2V2∗−Y21V1−Y23V3]P2−jQ2V2∗=−0.8000+j0.40001.0000=−0.8000+j0.4000∑k≠2Y2kVk=−8.8596+j45.7085V2(1)=(−0.8000+j0.4000)−(−8.8596+j45.7085)8.7827−j45.3239=0.9967−j0.0153=0.9968∠−0.8802∘ pu\begin{aligned} V_2^{(1)} &= \frac{1}{Y_{22}}\left[\frac{P_2 - jQ_2}{V_2^{*}} - Y_{21}V_1 - Y_{23}V_3\right] \\ \frac{P_2 - jQ_2}{V_2^{*}} &= \frac{-0.8000 + j0.4000}{1.0000} = -0.8000 + j0.4000 \\ \textstyle\sum_{k\ne 2} Y_{2k}V_k &= -8.8596 + j45.7085 \\ V_2^{(1)} &= \frac{(-0.8000 + j0.4000) - (-8.8596 + j45.7085)}{8.7827 - j45.3239} = 0.9967 - j0.0153 \\ &= 0.9968\angle -0.8802^\circ\ \text{pu} \end{aligned} V3(1)=1Y33[P3−jQ3V3∗−Y31V1−Y32V2]P3−jQ3V3∗=−1.0000+j0.60001.0000=−1.0000+j0.6000∑k≠3Y3kVk=−7.4074+j41.4786V3(1)=(−1.0000+j0.6000)−(−7.4074+j41.4786)7.7667−j41.1874=0.9868−j0.0305=0.9872∠−1.7706∘ pu\begin{aligned} V_3^{(1)} &= \frac{1}{Y_{33}}\left[\frac{P_3 - jQ_3}{V_3^{*}} - Y_{31}V_1 - Y_{32}V_2\right] \\ \frac{P_3 - jQ_3}{V_3^{*}} &= \frac{-1.0000 + j0.6000}{1.0000} = -1.0000 + j0.6000 \\ \textstyle\sum_{k\ne 3} Y_{3k}V_k &= -7.4074 + j41.4786 \\ V_3^{(1)} &= \frac{(-1.0000 + j0.6000) - (-7.4074 + j41.4786)}{7.7667 - j41.1874} = 0.9868 - j0.0305 \\ &= 0.9872\angle -1.7706^\circ\ \text{pu} \end{aligned}

Voltages after one iteration: V1=1.02∠0∘V_1 = 1.02\angle 0^\circ, V2=0.9968∠−0.8802∘V_2 = 0.9968\angle -0.8802^\circ, V3=0.9872∠−1.7706∘V_3 = 0.9872\angle -1.7706^\circ pu.

Line flows

Sij=ViIij∗S_{ij} = V_iI_{ij}^{*} with Iij=(Vi−Vj)yijI_{ij} = (V_i - V_j)y_{ij} (no shunt admittance). For line 1-2:

I12=(V1−V2)y12=(1.0200−(0.9967−j0.0153))(3.8462−j19.2308)=0.3841−j0.3893S12=V1I12∗=0.3918+j0.3971 puS21=V2(−I12)∗=−0.3888−j0.3821 pu\begin{aligned} I_{12} &= (V_1 - V_2)y_{12} = (1.0200 - (0.9967 - j0.0153))(3.8462 - j19.2308) = 0.3841 - j0.3893 \\ S_{12} &= V_1I_{12}^{*} = 0.3918 + j0.3971\ \text{pu} \\ S_{21} &= V_2(-I_{12})^{*} = -0.3888 - j0.3821\ \text{pu} \end{aligned}

All lines:

LineSijS_{ij} (pu)SjiS_{ji} (pu)Loss (pu)
1-20.3918 + j0.3971-0.3888 - j0.38210.0030 + j0.0150
2-30.4468 + j0.1770-0.4452 - j0.16840.0016 + j0.0086
3-1-0.5599 - j0.39310.5656 + j0.42390.0058 + j0.0307

Total loss =0.0104+j0.0543= 0.0104 + j0.0543 pu. Slack bus injection S1=S12+S13=0.9574+j0.8210S_1 = S_{12} + S_{13} = 0.9574 + j0.8210 pu.

Answer: S12=0.3918+j0.3971S_{12} = 0.3918 + j0.3971, S23S_{23} and S31S_{31} as in the table; total line loss =0.0104= 0.0104 pu real and 0.0543 pu reactive (with first-iteration voltages).

✓ Answer checked by Claude Sonnet 5.5

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