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Fault at receiving end of 220 kV lines

Short answer

On 100 MVA base, total fault current is 1509 A at 220 kV (574.8 MVA); G1 supplies 15.76 kA and G2 supplies 14.41 kA at 11 kV.

Figure below shows a generating station feeding a 220 kV system. Determine the total fault current, fault level and fault current supplied by each generator for a three phase fault at the receiving end of the line. G1: 11 kV, 100 MVA, X''g1 = j0.15; G2: 11 kV, 75 MVA, X''g2 = j0.125; T1: 100 MVA, XT1 = j0.10, 11/220 kV; T2: 75 MVA, XT2 = j0.08, 11/220 kV. [Figure: G1 through T1 and G2 through T2 to a 220 kV busbar; two parallel lines of j42 Ω each from the busbar to the fault point F]

Base: 100 MVA, 11 kV (generators) and 220 kV (lines). Pre-fault voltage is taken as 1.0 pu and pre-fault load current is neglected (usual assumption for fault level calculation).

Per-unit reactances (100 MVA)

ElementCalculationpu
G10.150.15
T10.100.10
G20.125×100/750.125 \times 100/750.1667
T20.08×100/750.08 \times 100/750.1067
Each line42/(2202/100)=42/48442/(220^2/100) = 42/4840.0868
 G1-j0.15-T1-j0.10-+          +-j42 ohm-+
                   +-220 kV --+         +-- F
 G2-jX_G2-T2-jX_T2-+          +-j42 ohm-+

Thevenin reactance at F

Xa=0.15+0.10=0.25,Xb=0.1667+0.1067=0.2733Xgen=0.25×0.27330.25+0.2733=0.1306Xlines=0.0868/2=0.0434Xth=0.1306+0.0434=0.1740 pu\begin{aligned} X_a &= 0.15 + 0.10 = 0.25, \quad X_b = 0.1667 + 0.1067 = 0.2733 \\ X_{gen} &= \frac{0.25 \times 0.2733}{0.25 + 0.2733} = 0.1306 \\ X_{lines} &= 0.0868/2 = 0.0434 \\ X_{th} &= 0.1306 + 0.0434 = 0.1740\ \text{pu} \end{aligned}

Total fault current and fault level

If=10.1740=5.7484 puIbase,220=100×1063×220×103=262.43 AIf=5.7484×262.43=1508.6 AFault level=1000.1740=574.84 MVA\begin{aligned} I_f &= \frac{1}{0.1740} = 5.7484\ \text{pu} \\ I_{base,220} &= \frac{100 \times 10^6}{\sqrt{3} \times 220 \times 10^3} = 262.43\ \text{A} \\ I_f &= 5.7484 \times 262.43 = 1508.6\ \text{A} \\ \text{Fault level} &= \frac{100}{0.1740} = 574.84\ \text{MVA} \end{aligned}

Current supplied by each generator

The fault current divides between the two generator branches in inverse ratio of their reactances:

IG1=IfXbXa+Xb=5.7484×0.27330.5233=3.0023 puIG2=IfXaXa+Xb=5.7484×0.250.5233=2.7460 pu\begin{aligned} I_{G1} &= I_f\frac{X_b}{X_a + X_b} = 5.7484 \times \frac{0.2733}{0.5233} = 3.0023\ \text{pu} \\ I_{G2} &= I_f\frac{X_a}{X_a + X_b} = 5.7484 \times \frac{0.25}{0.5233} = 2.7460\ \text{pu} \end{aligned}

On the 11 kV side, Ibase=100×1063×11×103=5248.6I_{base} = \dfrac{100 \times 10^6}{\sqrt{3} \times 11 \times 10^3} = 5248.6 A:

QuantitypuAmperes (11 kV side)Amperes (220 kV side)
IG1I_{G1}3.002315758787.9
IG2I_{G2}2.746014413720.7
Total IfI_f5.7484–1508.6

Answer: total fault current ≈1509\approx 1509 A at 220 kV, fault level ≈574.8\approx 574.8 MVA; G1 supplies about 15.76 kA and G2 about 14.41 kA at 11 kV.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Sonnet 5.5

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