Skip to main content

Reactance diagram: 50 MVA, 13.8 kV base, three generators

Short answer

On 50 MVA base, Vb=13.8 kV (G1), 220 kV (line, Zb=968 Ω), 18 kV (G2), 22 kV (G3). Per-unit reactances: G1 j0.5, G2 j0.3333, G3 j0.2755, T1 j0.2, T2 j0.1667, T3 j0.1429, line L1 (j80 Ω) j0.0826, L2 (j100 Ω) j0.1033.

Draw the reactance diagram using a base of 50 MVA and 13.8 kV on generator G1 of a given single line diagram of a power system. The ratings of the generators and transformers are given below: G1: 20 MVA, 13.8 kV, X" = 20%; G2: 30 MVA, 18 kV, X" = 20%; G3: 30 MVA, 20 kV, X" = 20%; T1: 25 MVA, 220/13.8 kV, X = 10%; T2: 3 single phase units each rated 10 MVA, 127/18 kV, X = 10%; T3: 35 MVA, 220/22 kV, X = 10%. [Figure: G1 (Y, grounded) → T1 (Δ on generator side, Y grounded on HV side) → line Section 1, j80 Ω [?] → central bus; from the central bus T2 (Y on HV side, Δ on LV side) → G2; and line Section 2, j100 Ω → T3 (Y grounded on HV side, Δ on LV side) → G3.]

All reactances are converted to a common base of 50 MVA; base voltages follow the transformer line-to-line ratios starting from 13.8 kV at G1.

Base values

  • G1 zone: Vb=13.8V_b = 13.8 kV
  • Line zone (T1 13.8/220 kV): Vb=220V_b = 220 kV, Zb=220250=968 ΩZ_b = \frac{220^2}{50} = 968\ \Omega
  • G2 zone: T2 is a Y–Δ bank of 127/18 kV units, line-to-line ratio 3×127/18=220/18\sqrt{3}\times127/18 = 220/18 kV, so Vb=220×18220=18V_b = 220\times\frac{18}{220} = 18 kV
  • G3 zone (T3 220/22 kV): Vb=22V_b = 22 kV

Formula: Xnew=Xold Sb,newSold(VoldVb,new)2X_{new} = X_{old}\,\frac{S_{b,new}}{S_{old}}\left(\frac{V_{old}}{V_{b,new}}\right)^2

Per-unit values

XG1=0.2×5020=0.5 puXG2=0.2×5030×(1818)2=0.3333 puXG3=0.2×5030×(2022)2=0.2755 puXT1=0.1×5025=0.2 puXT2=0.1×503×10=0.1667 puXT3=0.1×5035=0.1429 puXL1=80968=0.0826 puXL2=100968=0.1033 pu\begin{aligned} X_{G1} &= 0.2\times\frac{50}{20} = 0.5\ \text{pu}\\ X_{G2} &= 0.2\times\frac{50}{30}\times\left(\frac{18}{18}\right)^2 = 0.3333\ \text{pu}\\ X_{G3} &= 0.2\times\frac{50}{30}\times\left(\frac{20}{22}\right)^2 = 0.2755\ \text{pu}\\ X_{T1} &= 0.1\times\frac{50}{25} = 0.2\ \text{pu}\\ X_{T2} &= 0.1\times\frac{50}{3\times10} = 0.1667\ \text{pu}\\ X_{T3} &= 0.1\times\frac{50}{35} = 0.1429\ \text{pu}\\ X_{L1} &= \frac{80}{968} = 0.0826\ \text{pu}\\ X_{L2} &= \frac{100}{968} = 0.1033\ \text{pu} \end{aligned}
ElementX (pu, 50 MVA base)
G10.5000
G20.3333
G30.2755
T10.2000
T20.1667
T30.1429
Line section 1 (j80 Ω)0.0826
Line section 2 (j100 Ω)0.1033

Reactance diagram

   j0.2   j0.0826        j0.1033   j0.1429
 +-/\/\/--/\/\/---+------/\/\/------/\/\/--+
 |  T1     L1     |        L2         T3   |
j0.5           j0.1667 (T2)              j0.2755
 |                |                        |
(E1)           j0.3333                   (E3)
 |                |                        |
 |              (E2)                       |
 |                |                        |
 +----------------+------------------------+
            reference (neutral) bus

Answer: XG1=0.5X_{G1}=0.5, XG2=0.333X_{G2}=0.333, XG3=0.276X_{G3}=0.276, XT1=0.2X_{T1}=0.2, XT2=0.167X_{T2}=0.167, XT3=0.143X_{T3}=0.143, XL1=0.0826X_{L1}=0.0826 and XL2=0.1033X_{L2}=0.1033 pu on 50 MVA, with base voltages 13.8, 220, 18 and 22 kV.

✓ Answer checked by Claude Opus 5.5 (high effort)

All Power System Analysis I chapter 3 questions →